eighteenth-century Spanish empire: a newly emerging sense that the slave trade and African slavery were essential to the wealth of nations. Contextualizing this ideological reconfiguration within mid-eighteenth century debates, this article draws upon the works of political economists and royal councilors in Madrid and puts them in conver -1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. 12. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. by. Laurence Sterne. 3.73 avg rating — 21,282 ratings. score: 7,757 , and 82 people voted. Want to Read. saving….1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. 12. The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. by. Laurence Sterne. 3.73 avg rating — 21,282 ratings. score: 7,757 , and 82 people voted. Want to Read. saving….Medicine in the 18th century. Even in the 18th century the search for a simple way of healing the sick continued. In Edinburgh the writer and lecturer John Brown expounded his view that there were only two diseases, sthenic (strong) and asthenic (weak), and two treatments, stimulant and sedative; his chief remedies were alcohol and opium.Lively …eighteenth-century America than in Europe, they were more completely and more permanently embodied in the formal arrangements of state and society; and, less controverted, less subject to criticism and dispute, they have lived on more vigorously into later periods, more continuous and more intact. TheStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Free blacks were treated equally as whites throughout the South except for in Alabama., Which of the following was a characteristic of the South that contributed to its distinctiveness during the first half of the eighteenth century?, The Old South was socially, culturally, and economically the most …An interdisciplinary community of Eighteenth Century scholars with diverse interests across the Long Eighteenth Century.During the first half of the eighteenth century, the boundaries of the Mughal Empire were reshaped by the emergence of a number of independent kingdoms. In this post, we will read about the emergence of new political groups in the subcontinent during the first half of the eighteenth century – roughly from 1707, when Aurangzeb died, till the …The University of North Georgia Press and Affordable Learning Georgia bring you British Literature I: From the Middle Ages to Neoclassicism and the Eighteenth Century. Featuring over 50 authors and full texts of their works, this anthology follows the shift of monarchic to parliamentarian rule in Britain, and the heroic epic to the more egalitarian novel as genre.Tracy Rutler's Queering the Enlightenment: Kinship and Gender in Eighteenth-Century French Literature (Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment, Liverpool UP, 2021) explores the imaginaries of novels and plays from the "liminal" period that followed the end of Louis the XIV's reign in France.…history of medicine. History of medicine - 18th Century, Advancements, Practices: Even in the 18th century the search for a simple way of healing the sick continued. In Edinburgh the writer and lecturer John Brown expounded his view that there were only two diseases, sthenic (strong) and asthenic (weak), and two treatments, stimulant and ... The eighteenth century saw the opening of the first toy stores in London, and their shelves were stocked with “rational amusements”—child-sized microscopes and gardening tools, for instance. Children’s books often portrayed their protagonists engaged in improving and educational games.This gradually decreased in the 18th century, as L EHMBERG AND Heyck note in The People of the British Isles: 1688 – 1870, “The reasonableness and tolerance advocated in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century thought mitigated some of the harsh intensity of the Puritan-style family and led to more companionable relations between ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which agricultural product served as the foundation for the South Atlantic System in the eighteenth century?, Which of the following statements describes slaves' lives in the North American colonies in the eighteenth century?, Which of the following was true of slavery in the American colonies in the eighteenth century? and more. This piece is a modern imitation of antique laid paper. (Image credit: Hannah Wills) In mid-eighteenth century Britain, a new type of mould became widely used, developed by the Whatman papermakers based in Kent. This mould was known as a ‘wove’ mould, and had a much smoother surface, consisting of a fine brass screening that was woven like ...Chapter3 British population during the 'long' eighteenth century, 1680-1840; Chapter4 Agriculture during the industrial revolution, 1700-1850; Chapter5 Industrialisation and technological change; Chapter6 Money, finance and capital markets; Chapter7 Trade: discovery, mercantilism and technology; Chapter8 Government and the economy, 1688 ...This gradually decreased in the 18th century, as L EHMBERG AND Heyck note in The People of the British Isles: 1688 – 1870, “The reasonableness and tolerance advocated in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century thought mitigated some of the harsh intensity of the Puritan-style family and led to more companionable relations between ... Language English. Especially after the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, antisemitism changed in ways that reflected new cultural, intellectual, and political realities. During the first centuries of the early modern era in Europe, Jews were invited to settle in central and eastern Europe—and to return to western Europe after expulsion ...Which of the following correctly describe the patronage system of the eighteenth century and which do not? -Patronage provided economic security for musicians. -Music was valued as a necessary adornment of life. Clarity in the Classical era was provided by ____ and the frequent use of ____ (a pattern repeated at a higher or …This gradually decreased in the 18th century, as L EHMBERG AND Heyck note in The People of the British Isles: 1688 – 1870, “The reasonableness and tolerance advocated in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century thought mitigated some of the harsh intensity of the Puritan-style family and led to more companionable relations between ...By the eighteenth century, color, not line, became dominant as pastels moved aesthetically closer to painting. The status of pastel had long been debated: in 1684, Roger de Piles (1635-1709) described it as a type of painting, though one lacking the vitality of paintings in oil; in 1690, André Félibien (1619-1695) described pastel as a ...Feminism is defined in the introduction as the late 18th-century demand 'for equal civil and political rights for women'(p. 2). However, this neat definition belies the complex feminist politics underlying the text and O'Brien's nuanced contribution to the debate concerning what equals progress for women and whether women had an ...French philosophers of the Ancien Régime wrote treatises on beauty or taste; the term “aesthetics”, coined in Latin as “ aesthetica ” by German philosopher Alexander Baumgarten in 1735 (§116), was not in popular usage in France and appeared only in rare instances at the end of the eighteenth century. Philosophers described …The term "race," which had been a classificatory term like "type," or "kind," but with ambiguous meaning, became more widely used in the eighteenth century, and crystallized into a distinct ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What was a result of King Philip's War in the 1670s?, Why did English immigration to the American colonies decline in the eighteenth century?, Bacon's Rebellion was prompted by and more.Eighteenth-century aesthetics moved away somewhat from the view that the arts should carefully control our emotions, although the notion that artworks both express and excite emotions remained. Particularly interesting in this regard is the development of the concept of the sublime.This gradually decreased in the 18th century, as L EHMBERG AND Heyck note in The People of the British Isles: 1688 – 1870, “The reasonableness and tolerance advocated in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century thought mitigated some of the harsh intensity of the Puritan-style family and led to more companionable relations between ...Eighteenth Century writers such as Jonathon Swift and Alexander Pope often took the idea of the epic and combined it with satire to create a Mock-Epic. The classic epics of Ancient Greece and Rome such as Homer's The Illiad and Virgil's The Aenid were characterized by the presence of a hero of national importance, a serious and continuously ...The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation fosters theoretical and interpretive research on all aspects of Western culture from 1660 to 1830. The editors take special interest in essays that apply innovative contemporary methodologies to the study of eighteenth-century literature, history, science, fine arts, and popular culture. Eighteenth-Century Studies is committed to publishing the best of current writing on all aspects of eighteenth-century culture. The journal publishes different modes of analysis and disciplinary discourses that explore how recent historiographical, critical, and theoretical ideas have engaged scholars concerned with the eighteenth century.The latter feature continued under the charter of 1662, although in the mid-eighteenth century it disappeared in favor of local election of colonial officials. As in Rhode Island, the Connecticut assembly was the real center of governmental authority and throughout the colonial period enjoyed great freedom from outside interference.Its reviews are of the same length and quality as their print edition counterparts, and are accessible to everyone. We publish timely reviews covering all aspects of Long-Eighteenth-Century culture including literature, history, fine arts, science, history of ideas, and popular culture. You can browse these in our Essay Reviews section."18th century" published on by HistoryWorld. The Oxford Biblical Studies Online and Oxford Islamic Studies Online have retired. Content you previously purchased on Oxford Biblical Studies Online or Oxford Islamic Studies Online has now moved to Oxford Reference, Oxford Handbooks Online, Oxford Scholarship Online, or What Everyone Needs to Know®.Indian Science and Technology in the Eighteenth Century (Volume 1).pdf: 2.73 MB: Adobe PDF: View/Open: Panchayat Raj and India's Polity (Volume 4).pdf: 1.97 MB: Adobe PDF: View/Open: Panchayatraj & Indian Polity - Dharampal.doc: 943 …French philosophers of the Ancien Régime wrote treatises on beauty or taste; the term “aesthetics”, coined in Latin as “ aesthetica ” by German philosopher Alexander Baumgarten in 1735 (§116), was not in popular usage in France and appeared only in rare instances at the end of the eighteenth century. Philosophers described …In the 18th century, justifications of royal authority drew on many traditions. The king still claimed the status of a feudal suzerain of his subjects. Familial imagery was an important component of royal rhetoric; the king of France was father of his subjects. His right to reign echoed all husbands’ right to rule over their wives and all ... Developments in 19th-century Europe are bounded by two great events. The French Revolution broke out in 1789, and its effects reverberated throughout much of Europe for many decades. World War I began in 1914. Its inception resulted from many trends in European society, culture, and diplomacy during the late 19th century. The eighteenth century saw the opening of the first toy stores in London, and their shelves were stocked with “rational amusements”—child-sized microscopes and gardening tools, for instance. Children’s books often portrayed their protagonists engaged in improving and educational games.Eighteenth-century writing also poses a fairly different orthography[the system of spelling and letters] than does present-day English. The unusual spelling construction in conjunction with–what we would call–“random” word capitalization is a distraction to those struggling through an eighteenth-century work like Joseph Andrews , for ...The 18th century. To call the 18th century the Age of Reason is to seize on a useful half-truth but to cause confusion in the general picture, because the primacy of reason had also been a mark of certain periods of the previous age. It is more accurate to say that the 18th century was marked by two main impulses: reason and passion.During the eighteenth century the number of secondary schools increased rapidly though mainly in the Northern and Middle colonies. In general three types of formally established schools existed. The earliest formal secondary school in the colonies was the Latin grammar school, open primarily to boys from the upper classes, but some poor boys were able to …British involvement in India during the 18th century can be divided into two phases, one ending and the other beginning at mid-century. In the first half of the century, the British were a trading ...The middle part of the eighteenth century presents a somewhat curious spectacle to the student of Church history. From one point of view the Church of England seemed to be signally successful; from another, signally unsuccessful. Intellectually her work was a great triumph, morally and spiritually it was a great failure. The long 18th century is a phrase used by many British historians to cover a more natural historical period than the simple use of the standard calendar definition. They expand the century to include larger British and Western European historical movements, with their subsequent "long" 18th century typically running from the Glorious Revolution ... Jerry White's history of 18th-century London is the culmination of two previous volumes about London in the 19th and 20th centuries. This new book finds him inspired by the city that Daniel Defoe ...By the mid-18th century the "Aufklärung" ( The Enlightenment) had transformed German high culture in music, philosophy, science and literature. Christian Wolff (1679–1754) was the pioneer as a writer who expounded the Enlightenment to German readers; he legitimized German as a philosophic language.The eighteenth century was the great Age of Enlightenment, but also Romanticism. The Augustan or neoclassical poetry of Alexander Pope and others eventually gave way to the Romantic meditations of Wordsworth and Coleridge. Below, we introduce ten of the greatest and most emblematic poems of the eighteenth century.This is the second tranche and consists of sixteen articles, ranging from twelfth-century Tuscany to early-modern England, from eighteenth-century Ireland to mid-nineteenth century Germany, all of which take up the concept of moral economy in different ways. We hope you enjoy them. **Please note that free access to the articles below has now ...Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Eighteenth Century Collections Online contains over 180,000 titles (200,000 volumes) and more than 32 million pages, making ECCO the premier and irreplaceable resource for eighteenth-century research.. As well as titles from the regions stated above, material printed is included from elsewhere which contains significant text in English, Welsh, Irish or ...Eighteenth-Century Connections. This new Elements series builds on the best recent historical work in eighteenth-century studies by focusing on the connections that define …Black people in late 18th-century Britain. In October 1796, ships from the Caribbean carrying over 2,000 black and mixed-race prisoners of war docked at ...Netherlands - Enlightenment, Trade, Reforms: Once the Dutch fleet had declined, Dutch mercantile interests became largely dependent on English goodwill, yet the rulers were more concerned with reducing the monumental debt that weighed heavily upon the country. During the 18th century, Dutch trade and shipping were able to maintain the level of activity reached at the end of the 17th century ...24 Haz 2015 ... Ryan M. Reeve (PhD Cambridge) is Assistant Professor of Historical Theology at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary.May 6, 2019 · The Glorious Revolution (1688) Starting off the ‘long’ eighteenth century is the Glorious Revolution in England, a near-bloodless overthrow of the Stuart dynasty and King James II of England. The Stuart dynasty was harshly intolerant toward the Puritans, but lax toward Roman Catholicism, even as they held control of the Anglican church. A survey of the greatest eighteenth-century pastelists risks ignoring those artists for whom pastel was not a primary medium, as well as those who put it to less conventional use. In England, Joseph Wright of Derby (1734–1797) is one such example ( 2007.40 ); in France, there is Jean Pillement (1728–1808), highly unusual in producing decorative paintings …However, the massive increase in population that in Europe was at first attributed to industrialization starting in the eighteenth century occurred also and at the same period in China, even though there was no comparable industrialization. It is estimated that the Chinese population by 1600 was close to 150 million.Developments in 19th-century Europe are bounded by two great events. The French Revolution broke out in 1789, and its effects reverberated throughout much of Europe for many decades. World War I began in 1914. Its inception resulted from many trends in European society, culture, and diplomacy during the late 19th century.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like How did African slavery differ regionally in eighteenth-century North America?, What factors led to distinct African-American cultures in the eighteenth century?, What were the meanings of British liberty in the eighteenth century? and more.Marxist interpretations of class conflict between the aristocracy and emergent middle class are unhelpful in describing the political situation in eighteenth-century Britain and its literary works. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, British society remained under the firm authority of the monarchy, aristocracy, and the landed ...Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. Major historical events in early modern British history include numerous wars, especially with France, along with the English Renaissance, the English Reformation and Scottish Reformation, the English Civil War, the Restoration of Charles II, the Glorious Revolution ...An interdisciplinary community of Eighteenth Century scholars with diverse interests across the Long Eighteenth Century.29 Kas 2019 ... William Dalrymple's The Anarchy – a vivid account of how the East India Company (EIC) rose from small beginnings to take advantage of ...The eighteenth century saw widespread exploration, a tremendous increase in the traffic in botanical specimens, taxonomic breakthroughs, and horticultural experimentation. The contributors to this volume compare the impact of new developments and discoveries across several regions, broadening the geographical scope of their inquiries to ...The Enlightenment - the great 'Age of Reason' - is defined as the period of rigorous scientific, political and philosophical discourse that characterised European society during the 'long' 18th century: from the late 17th century to the ending of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. This was a period of huge change in thought and reason, which (in the words of historian Roy Porter) was ...Clause 1: Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the extraction of minerals, Clause 2: it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, Clause 3: but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize. Clause 4: that bacteria took an active part in the process.The 18th-century English dinner table was a feast for the eyes. In order to impress their guests and assure them that they were dining amid fashionable ...Black people in late 18th-century Britain. In October 1796, ships from the Caribbean carrying over 2,000 black and mixed-race prisoners of war docked at ...In the eighteenth century, however, two alternative responses to Plato were introduced. One may be regarded as taking up Aristotle’s idea in the Poetics that “katharsis,” purification or purgation, of the emotions of fear and pity, is a valuable part of our response to a tragedy; this led to an emphasis on the emotional impact of aesthetic experience …Built in 1765, Morris-Jumel Mansion is the oldest surviving residence in Manhattan. I went on a tour of the house that included the use of paranormal investigative equipment. While I'm still a ...American literature - Colonial, Revolution, Enlightenment: In America in the early years of the 18th century, some writers, such as Cotton Mather, carried on the older traditions. His huge history and biography of Puritan New England, Magnalia Christi Americana, in 1702, and his vigorous Manuductio ad Ministerium, or introduction to the ministry, in 1726, were …Tags: 18th-century, eighteenth-century-literature, english-literature, university-of-pennsylvania, upenn. Like. Lists are re-scored approximately every 5 minutes. People …The Cambridge Introduction to the Eighteenth-Century Novel considers the development of the genre in its formative period in Britain. Rather than present its history …Two recent reconsiderations of the eighteenth-century revival movements in their broader context come to opposite conclusions. Jon Butler underscores the span of time over which the revivals occurred across the British colonies, their heterogeneous character from one region to the next, and the differences in cultural contexts in which they ...The eighteenth century saw a rise in serious musical composition. Classical models began to be adopted more often, leading to a greater complexity and sophistication of style. Also important was the growth of interest in Europe and America, which brought many new ideas about musicology and performance practice.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In 18th century America. the main sources of population growth and diversity were a. Irish and Italian immigrants b. immigration and natural increase c. Russian and English immigrants d. Eastern European and palatine German immigrants, Compared with the poor in England, the least wealthy 18th century New Englanders a. were ...The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American , French , and Haitian Revolutions .Chapter3 British population during the 'long' eighteenth century, 1680-1840; Chapter4 Agriculture during the industrial revolution, 1700-1850; Chapter5 Industrialisation and technological change; Chapter6 Money, finance and capital markets; Chapter7 Trade: discovery, mercantilism and technology; Chapter8 Government and the economy, 1688 ...Its reviews are of the same length and quality as their print edition counterparts, and are accessible to everyone. We publish timely reviews covering all aspects of Long-Eighteenth-Century culture including literature, history, fine arts, science, history of ideas, and popular culture. You can browse these in our Essay Reviews section. The Enlightenment first really took off in the 18th century at a time when art was focused on the frivolous lives of the rich and famous in a style called the Rococo. This is an example of that art:May 6, 2019 · The Glorious Revolution (1688) Starting off the ‘long’ eighteenth century is the Glorious Revolution in England, a near-bloodless overthrow of the Stuart dynasty and King James II of England. The Stuart dynasty was harshly intolerant toward the Puritans, but lax toward Roman Catholicism, even as they held control of the Anglican church. By the early 18th century, the New England theocracy clung to a medieval concept of religious authority. At first, the challenges of living in a colonial America isolated from its roots in Europe served to support an autocratic leadership; but by the 1720s, the increasingly diverse, commercially successful colonies had a stronger sense of ...Women in 18th-century warfare. Women have contributed to military activities including as combatants. The following list describes women known to have participated in military actions in the 18th century. For women in warfare in the United States at this time, please see Timeline of women in war in the United States, Pre-1945 .This is a slightly more confusing issue. Many people assume that the 18th century, for example, lasted from 1800 to 1899; the clue’s in the name, right? Wrong! The first century started in the year 1 A.D. and lasted until the year 100, so therefore, the second century lasted from 101 to 200. Therefore, the 18th century consists of the 1700s ...Book: The Invisible Woman: Aspects of Women's Work in Eighteenth-Century Britain. edited by: Isabelle Baudino, Jacques Carré, Cécile Révauger. Aldershot, Ashgate, 2005, ISBN: 9780754635727; Price: £48.99. Women's Work and Identity in Eighteenth-Century Brittany. Nancy Locklin.The 18th century lasted from 1 January 1701 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCI) to 31 December 1800 (MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American , French , and Haitian Revolutions .A soldier in the army. British grenadier of the 40th Regiment of Foot in 1767. The British Army in the 18th century was commonly seen as disciplined, regimented and harsh. [1] Camp life was dirty and cramped with the potential for a rapid spread of disease, [2] and punishments could be anything from a flogging to a death sentence.
Language English. Especially after the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century, antisemitism changed in ways that reflected new cultural, intellectual, and political realities. During the first centuries of the early modern era in Europe, Jews were invited to settle in central and eastern Europe—and to return to western Europe after expulsion .... What's a jayhawk
Netherlands - Enlightenment, Trade, Reforms: Once the Dutch fleet had declined, Dutch mercantile interests became largely dependent on English goodwill, yet the rulers were more concerned with reducing the monumental debt that weighed heavily upon the country. During the 18th century, Dutch trade and shipping were able to maintain the level of activity reached at the end of the 17th century ... The eighteenth century saw widespread exploration, a tremendous increase in the traffic in botanical specimens, taxonomic breakthroughs, and horticultural experimentation. The contributors to this volume compare the impact of new developments and discoveries across several regions, broadening the geographical scope of their inquiries to ...JSTOR is a digital library for scholars, researchers, and students. JSTOR Daily readers can access the original research behind our articles for free on JSTOR. The Eighteenth Century, Vol. 56, No. 1 (SPRING 2015), pp. 59-84. Get your fix of JSTOR Daily's best stories in your inbox each Thursday.Although none of these questions was peripheral to 18 th -century British aesthetics, not all were equally central. The question on which the others tended to turn was the question concerning the nature of taste. But this question was not simply how best generally to define taste.The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation fosters theoretical and interpretive research on all aspects of Western culture from 1660 to 1830. The editors take special interest in essays that apply innovative contemporary methodologies to the study of eighteenth-century literature, history, science, fine arts, and popular culture.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In 18th century America. the main sources of population growth and diversity were a. Irish and Italian immigrants b. immigration and natural increase c. Russian and English immigrants d. Eastern European and palatine German immigrants, Compared with the poor in England, the least wealthy …PA. In the early eighteenth century, colonial legislative assemblies began passing so-called ______, which limited the rights of blacks. slaves codes. The increased demand for slaves in the Chesapeake in the eighteenth century was the mainly the result of the. rising demand for tobacco in the colonies and Europe.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Most of the eighteenth-century population growth in the British colonies in North America was due to a. continuing migrations from England. b. natural increase resulting in part from the healthy colonial environment. c. the influx of political refugees from wars in France and Germany. d. medical advances that dramatically lowered ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The most important fact about eighteenth-century colonial America is its a. economic underdevelopment. b. shortage of available land. c. phenomenal population growth. d. level of violence., 2. By 1770, the thirteen colonies were a. varied in people and environments. b. as homogeneous as Virginia. c. all subject to what ... The Enlightenment – the great ‘Age of Reason’ – is defined as the period of rigorous scientific, political and philosophical discourse that characterised European society during the ‘long’ 18th century: from the late 17th century to the ending of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. This was a period of huge change in thought and reason, which (in the …This was a critical nod to the Declaration of the rights of man and citizen. In her work she championed for the equal treatment of men and women, but also for unmarried mothers. In the eighteenth century, enlightened ideas about the organization of society, including the position of women, arose in Europe. Feminism, the social and political ...Between the late seventeenth and late eighteenth centuries, there was a period of rapid intellectual change that came to be known as the Enlightenment. Thinkers, writers, …The eighteenth century saw the beginnings of a fragmentation of the Church of Scotland that had its foundation in the Reformation. These fractures were prompted by issues of government and patronage, but reflected a wider division between the Evangelicals and the Moderate Party over fears of fanaticism by the former and the acceptance of ...In 18th-century London, Scottish doctors were the leaders in surgery and obstetrics.The noted teacher John Hunter conducted extensive researches in comparative anatomy and physiology, founded surgical pathology, and raised surgery to the level of a respectable branch of science.His brother William Hunter, an eminent teacher of anatomy, became famous as an obstetrician.Britain's “long” eighteenth century, which began with one aristocratic revolution in 1688 and ended with another in 1832, was a pageant of success. The …The middle of the 18th century marked the beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire (Early Mughals) in India, which had been a dominant political and cultural force for centuries. This period saw the rise of regional powers, such as the Marathas who began to challenge the Mughal rule. The British East India Company too tried to gain control ...Eighteenth-Century Connections. This new Elements series builds on the best recent historical work in eighteenth-century studies by focusing on the connections that define …The middle part of the eighteenth century presents a somewhat curious spectacle to the student of Church history. From one point of view the Church of England seemed to be signally successful; from another, signally unsuccessful. Intellectually her work was a great triumph, morally and spiritually it was a great failure.Aesthetics - Philosophy, Art, Beauty: The two greatest Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle, shared a sense of the importance of aesthetics, and both regarded music, poetry, architecture, and drama as fundamental institutions within the body politic. Plato notoriously recommends the banning of poets and painters from his ideal republic and in the course …Painters in Eighteenth-Century Venice La Serenissima, the "most serene" maritime republic of Venice, was among the great trading powers of medieval and Renaissance Europe and, by the late twelfth century, a major economic force on the Italian peninsula. The city proper had been built upon a network of small islands lying in the swamp at the northern end of the Adriatic Sea..